morlittle.blogg.se

Vroom 1964 expectancy theory pdf download

Valence include -1, which means the person is trying to avoid the outcome, 0, which means the person feels indifferent towards the results, and +1, which means that he welcomes the results. Setting values are usually based on an individual’s values, needs, goals and intrinsic or extrinsic sources of motivation. Valence refers to the value that a person sets on the reinforcements or rewards.

Control – the degree of a person’s perceived control over his performance.

Goal difficulty – occurs when the desired performance goals are too high that might result to low expectancy perceptions.

Self efficacy – the individual’s belief regarding his own ability to perform a specific behaviour successfully.

The theory states that there are three factors that influence the expectancy perception of a person, which include: ExpectancyĮxpectancy is a variable that represents the belief that the effort (E) of an individual is an outcome of a a need to attain the performance (P) goals that he desires. These include “V” for valence, “E” for expectancy, and “I” for instrumentality. In this theory, three variables were introduced by Vroom to explain the said behavioural process. Vroom in 1964, the Expectancy Theory explicates the behavioural process in which a person selects a behavioural option over another, and how this decision is made in relation to their aim of achieving their goal.